MicrEcol in Photos

Electrochemical reactions are special Redox reactions = electron transfer reactions.
........The most important redox reaction is the combustion of fuels (oil, coal, natural gas, wood, petrol). It provides the energy to keep our civilisation going:
........Power stations, automobiles, planes, ships and heating systems are driven by burning fuels. In humans the oxidation of sugars, fats and proteins releases.the ........energy.necessary for life.
........In all these reactions a directelectron transfer takes place from the reducing agent (fuel) to the oxidizing agent (oxygen).

In electrochemical reactions an indirect electron transfer from the electron donor (reducing agent) to the electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) moves through a metallic conductor.
........Galvanic cells (Voltaic cells) use a spontaneous chemical reaction to for electrontransfer through the metallic conductor. Chemical energy is converted into electric energy.
........In electrolytic cells electrical work (supplied by a battery) is used as source of energy to drive the reaction into the opposite direction. Electric energy (of the battery) is ........converted into chemical energy:.a metal or hydrogen are formed.

Direct electron transfer reactionsbetween atoms, molecules or ions are easier to understand than electrochemical reactions. So three examples of such experiments are presented first:
01Direct electron exchange from magnesium to oxygen
02 Direct electron exchange from metals to copper(II) ions (microscope) see experience chemistry using a microscope
03 Direct electron exchange from zinc to copper(II) and oxoniumion ions (quantitatively) compare: Chart of El-Marsafy).

Devices for testing and measuring electrochemicals reactions
04 Electric conductivity TESTS with a LED
05 Electric conductivity MEASUREMENT with direct current
06 Electric conductivity MEASUREMENT with alternating current

Galvanic cells (Electrochemical cells)
07 Indirect electron transfer from zinc to copper ions 1
08 Indirect electron transfer from zinc to copper ions 2
09 Indirect electron transfer from zinc to copper ions 3: Changing of the electrodes